Sodium chlorite acts as a precursor to generate chlorine dioxide (ClO2), which is the active agent. Chlorine dioxide has strong oxidative properties, which make it effective in a variety of applications including water treatment, biocide applications, enhanced oil recovery, equipment and facility maintenance.
In the oil and gas industry, the roles of sodium chlorite and chlorine dioxide are critical for ensuring the efficiency and longevity of operations, particularly in water-intensive processes like hydraulic fracturing. Sodium chlorite is a stable solid, making it safer and easier to handle and store compared to concentrated ClO2 solutions.
Sodium chlorite and chlorine dioxide are extensively used in the oil and gas industry, particularly for the treatment of pipelines and storage tanks. These chemicals serve as powerful biocides and disinfectants, helping to manage microbial contamination, which can lead to corrosion, product degradation, and operational inefficiencies.
Prevention of Microbial Influenced Corrosion (MIC): Microbial influenced corrosion is a significant problem in pipelines, primarily caused by bacteria such as sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and acid-producing bacteria. These microorganisms can induce corrosion, which compromises the integrity of the pipeline. Sodium chlorite and chlorine dioxide effectively kill these bacteria, thereby mitigating the risk of MIC.
Biofilm Removal: Biofilms formed by bacteria on the inner walls of pipelines can reduce flow efficiency and increase the risk of corrosion. Chlorine dioxide is particularly effective in penetrating and breaking down these biofilms, ensuring the pipeline remains clean and functional.
Biofilm Control: ClO2 is injected into pipelines to prevent biofilm formation. Biofilms reduce flow capacity, increase friction, and can harbor MIC-causing bacteria.
Disinfection and Sterilization: Storage tanks used in the oil and gas industry often need regular treatment to prevent the growth of microorganisms that can degrade the stored products. Chlorine dioxide is used to sterilize these tanks, ensuring that they remain free from microbial contamination.
Control of Sludge Formation: Sludge formation in storage tanks is often exacerbated by microbial activity. By controlling microbial growth, sodium chlorite and chlorine dioxide help minimize sludge buildup, which can affect the quality of crude oil and increase the cost of processing.
Corrosion Prevention: By controlling microbes that contribute to MIC, ClO2 helps protect tank interiors from corrosion.
Odor Control: ClO2 can also help to control odors caused by microbial activity in storage tanks.
The use of sodium chlorite and chlorine dioxide in the oil and gas industry provides critical solutions for managing microbial contamination in pipelines and storage tanks. Their ability to effectively control biofilms and microbial populations helps maintain the integrity and efficiency of these essential infrastructures.
